And like with economics, it is the pretense to being a science, but with failure to uphold the necessary epistemological practices to actually be one, that is most deeply at fault.

A lot of this is simple innumeracy* when it comes to psychology: if you ask how big is the effect, and how much is there left to understand you often quickly realize that some concept is but a small part of what you need to understand; it's perhaps worthy of consideration but not fixation. A lot of this--in economics, too--is oversimplification to something that kind of works without bothering to go back and ask: yes, but how good of a model is this, really, and how sure are we that we know, and under what conditions? Even today, cross-cultural research in psychology is rare.

(* By innumeracy, I don't mean that they can't run the right statistical test--though often that's an issue too. But rather, that the quantitative aspects of the results aren't internalized as part of the answer rather than "ran my test, got some coefficients and the star tells me it's real".)

Although you approach this from a philosophical perspective--which is valid, and helpful--I do want to point out that all these problems already would have been severely blunted if people could just do science already: if you're studying an effect that explains 7% of variance among affluent college students in 2020 in one aspect of well-being, say so, clearly and prominently. If you do that, you have a built-in mechanism that warns you when you are, for example, over-individualizing: you can't account for most of the phenomenon you think you're studying because you forgot to look at social connections. Unless we do, we're likely to just keep making the same sociological mistakes again and again--and yes, philosophers or whomever can try to catch them again and again, pointing out the flaws in reasoning and perspective and so on. Better, though, to build awareness of uncertainty into the practice itself, so that the people who are in the best position to know help alert the rest of us to what to watch out for.