By "modern U.S. definition" I mean aligned with what you tend to see next to checkboxes on form entries for race and ethnicity. Not just black and white, but the five to eight categories we tend to get. Ms. Goldberg's comments make sense in the U.S.-checkbox version of race, not just the hypersimplified black-white-nothing-else-matters version.

Jews generally don't get their own box (nor do Poles, nor do the Roma, etc.). They're all "white" in the U.S. (even if there is still antisemitism). But that's not how race was perceived by the Nazis.