Even if the religion doesn't intrinsically do so, the cultural heritage of going with Al-Ghazali and the natural development of that line of thought, instead of Ibn Sina ("Avicenna") and Ibn Rushd ("Averroes"), may not be without consequence for the intellectual development for adherents.

Though Al-Ghazali himself called for an embrace of knowledge, mathematics, and so on, the philosophical structure he promulgated was corrosive to their further development. It's not that there's no way out--look at the Enlightenment in Christian countries!--but an Islamic enlightenment has yet to happen.