Excellent question! That does make a huge difference.

It varies throughout the different sources I cited, but the “10%” number does include pretrial detainees as far as I can tell. There are two pieces of evidence in favor of this. First, the report that they cite, https://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/pcs_assets/2010/collateralcosts1pdf.pdf, is very careful to distinguish conviction and incarceration (see Figure 10 for the rates, and page 10 for the discussion).

Furthermore, the graph that only includes convictions has a rate of 2.5%, and of people incarcerated, about 75% are pretrial detainees…which also gives about 10%.

So as far as I can tell, the 10% number does indeed include pretrial detainees.