How do we know what the root causes are, and more to the point, do we know what to do once we "unpack" them?

If the root cause of inequity is implicit bias, for instance, and we don't know how to stop implicit bias, how does this not just recapitulate the original "anti-racism training" problem?

I think there are at least sometimes good answers to the above, but without more being said, it's not clear that we won't end up right back where we started, trying to implement the same things that don't really work.