It's very likely that you should continue.

You certainly shouldn't debate daily! If that's going to happen over the long haul rather than coming to a tentative decision in a week or two, that sounds like a pretty clear sign that you actually honestly hate it so much that you really ought to quit. Of course, you shouldn't feel bound forever by a tentative decision. It's okay to change your mind. But if it's a constant drain on your attention, just quit already unless you'll be doing the same thing after leaving (i.e. constantly wondering if it was the right choice). I bet you can come to a somewhat-lasting tentative decision, however.

The reason why you "should" continue is that having a PhD, whether it should or not, still opens up a lot of opportunities. Almost nobody is going to bother checking whether you were in a PhD program. (Most programs allow people to leave with a Masters if they elect not to get their PhD; this helps a little with opportunities, but not to the extent that having a PhD does.) The initial sorting process is often the hardest, and doing your part to let others know, "Yes, I can handle the highest level of difficulty out there in terms of formal education / research-training," is very helpful for them, if you can pull it off. If you haven't written much for the co-authored papers, and you will for the first-author paper, that would be great to finish, at least. It's very good experience to put your research into paper form.

Indeed, that you're now better able to point out flaws in proposed solutions to climate change is a sign that the PhD is working. That's what's supposed to happen: you gain deeper knowledge, a more sophisticated outlook, can hold multiple different competing things in your head at the same time. That's great! So it probably means that it's better to finish things off. (But maybe not: maybe you've learned enough to see that, for example, your project really is completely pointless and there's no way to redirect at this point. It's hard to know because you're being vague. It's good to be vague if you don't want people in the program/department to know you're thinking this way, but it does make it difficult to offer advice.)

Additionally, even if you don't want to be making the discoveries yourself, if you're going to be involved at all it really helps to also know the material very deeply in addition to whatever other talents you'll bring. A lot of projects fail because management doesn't understand the details well enough to come up with good plans. You wouldn't want that to be you managing (or failing to provide good advice on that side), so getting more experience when you can seems like probably a good idea.

Now, that said, some of your initial motivations were, honestly, not very well-founded. For instance, "I wanted to smash glass ceilings and set new precedents that a woman can be a cut throat innovative scientist" might have made sense a generation or two ago. But these days, I've worked with many "cut throat innovative scientists" who were female. It doesn't surprise me at all when I come across another one. Heck, I don't even notice when it's a name on a paper--I'm bad with names anyway, and compared to what they've reported, the inferred gender from the name is the least relevant thing about the paper. There are fantastic scientists who are men, and who are women. And a lot of less fantastic scientists, too, who are still doing important work. (This isn't to say that there isn't still some degree of bias and sexism, more in some fields than other, and less accommodation for issues that are more likely to pertain to women, and so on; there is. But the ceilings are all shattered, the precedents are all set, the trails all blazed.)

But if you have supportive co-advisors and an interesting project, the "right" answer is probably to finish the PhD.

There's nothing morally wrong with not finishing if it turns out it really isn't for you, and there are still plenty of options to take that don't require a PhD, but it's also very common to be fatigued by it all (check out PhD Comics if you somehow haven't yet!) and wonder if it isn't better to stop. I don't see any of the big red flags in your case, though, which is why I suspect "keep at it" is the way to go.

Good luck!